Learning+Group+3

= Learning Group #3 - Gingival Assignment = Provide a through and detailed gingival description for the two pictures provided and then provide the histological changes that are occuring based off your description.

 The gingival description of the **__free gingiva__** on the mandibular anterior teeth in this picture can be described as generalized erythematous, rounded, blunted papillae, edematous, and glossy/shiny. The generalized red/erythematous color together with edema indicates this patient will have an increased tendency to bleed. This is due to the inflammatory response that can be caused from the accumulation of bacterial plaque along the gingival margin. The redness is from an increase in vascularization; which is caused by capillaries dilating because of the increase blood flow. The contour or shape of the gingiva is due to disease. It is observed to not fill the embrasure completly and the papillae is blunted. The gingival contour and shape is caused by the increase in fluids as well as the destruction of collagen. The consistency of the gingiva is edematous this is from an excessive amount of fluid in the cell, also due to the present inflammation. This is noted because of an increased cellular activity causing accumulation of fluids in the gingival sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium. Histologically there is an increased in capillaries, PMN's, macrophages, and epithelium is undergoing increased mitotic activity attempting to repair itself. The texture of the gingiva is glossy/shiny this due to the inflammation response caused by loss and/or thinning of gingival fibers.
 * Picture #1 **

The gingival description of the **__attached gingiva__** on the mandibular anterior teeth in this picture can be described to be generalized erythematous, edematous, shiny with the loss of stippling. The color is generalized red/erythematous and is due to increased vascularization. **__Histologically__** this due to an increase in capillaries due to inflammation response. The consistency of the gingiva is observed to be edemeatous because of the excessive amount of fluid in the cells which on histological level is due to the increase of fluids from inflammation response. There is because there is a constant exchange of cellular fluid, and exudates. The texture of the gingiva is noted to be described as shiny with a loss of stippling due to the inflammation. Histologically it is the increased fluids and increased leukocytes that cause elongation of rete pegs lossing the stippling appearance.

Picture #2
 The gingival description of the **__free gingiva__** on the maxiallary linguals of the right anterior teeth in this picture can be described to have a generalized color of red/erythematous, edematous, and glossy/shiny texture; with localized cyanotic tissue (bluish/purple) adjacent to the mesial of tooth #7 in which it extends toward tooth #9, bulbous, with what is observed to have blunted papilla interproximately to tooth #7 and 8, possibly having a fibrous consistancy. Its color is generalized red/erythematous this is particularly because of the increased redness, together with edema and an increased tendency to bleed, with suggests an inflammation that is possibly due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque. The color of the gingiva in the localized cyanotic area indicates chronic infection. Histologically the vessels are engorged and the blood flow is sluggish. The generalized consistancy of being edematous is the cause of change that notes edema. This indicates histologically that there is an excessive amount of fluid in the cells. The localized consistency of the gingiva is fibrotic. This cause for change is chronic inflammation indicating problems with the collagen fibers. This is noted because of an increased cellular activity causing accumulation of fluids in the gingival sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium. Histologically there is an increased in capillaries, PMN's, macrophages, and epithelium is undergoing increased mitotic activity attempting to repair itself. The contour or shape of the gingiva is locally blunted due to disease and possibly due to #10 being in lingual version, making this area more difficult to keep clean. The localized contour and shape of the gingiva is also observed to be bulbous which is indicated by swollen papillae; histologically it is engorged with fluid. The texture of the gingiva is generalized glossy/shiny due to the inflammation. Histologically this due to the inflammation response caused by loss and/or thinning of gingival fibers.

The gingival description of the **__attached gingiva__** on the maxiallary linguals of the right anterior teeth in this picture can be described to have a generalized color of erythematous and localized color of cyanotic from the mesial apex of #7 towards tooth #9 on the attached gingival, consistancy is observed to be generalized edematous and a shiny/glossy texture.The color is generalized red/erythematous and is due to increased vascularization. **__Histologically__** this due to an increase in capillaries due to inflammation response. The localization of having a cyanotic tone indicates chronic infection which is the cause for change is inflammation. Histologically the vessels are engorged and the blood flow is sluggish. The consistency of the gingiva is observed to be edematous because of the excessive amount of fluid in the cells which on a histological level is due to the increase of fluids from inflammatory response. This is because there is a constant exchange of cellular fluid, and exudates. The texture of the gingiva is noted to be described as shiny with a loss of stippling due to the inflammation; histologically it is the increase in fluids as well as an increase in circulating leukocytes.