Learning+Group+4

= Learning Group #4 - Gingival Assignment =

Please provide a through and detailed gingival description for the two pictures provided and then provide the histological changes that are occuring based off your description.



===**Picture #1 The description for the __free gingival__ margin is erythematous, edematous, friable, and glossy. The reason why the tissue is erythmatous is due to local irritants such as subgingival calculus and/or plaque that is causing inflammation to the tissue. The tissue also looks edematous because of the process of inflammation that is happening in the gingival tissue and the accumulation of fluid. When there is inflammation there is an accumulation of WBC's which are fighting the infection. For that same reason the tissue is getting larger and is fluid filled giving the appeareance of erythematous and edematous. Due to the inflammation process and the fluid filled accumulation, the tissue stretches and becomes glossy and shiny. The description of the __attached gingiva__ on the lower anteriors is the following: generalized bright pink, firm to the underlying bone, and glossy. The reason why the tissue is erythematous is due to local irritants such as subgingival calculus and/or plaque that is causing inflammation to the tissue.The tissue appears firmly bound top the bone because there is no clinical sign of pathology in the underlying bone. Due to the inflammation process and the fluid filled accumulation, the tissue stretches and becomes glossy and shiny. **===




Picture #2
The __attached gingiva__ also has an unhealthy apperance. The description is the following: erythematous,edematous, glossy and shiny. Again, the tissue is inflammed due to infection and the capillaries are swollen giving that red appearance. Due to the accumulation of fluid the tissue is swollen (the cells are full of fluid due to the fighting of the infection that is happening at a cellular level). The inflammation of the tissue gives it the glossy and shiny appearance. **
 * The __free gingival__ margin description is erythematous with some purulent discharge on the direct facial of #27, edematous, bulbous, rolled, and glossy. The free gingival margin looks erythematous due to inflammation of the capillaries. The purulent discharge on #27 facial is due to the byproducts of the inflammatory process exiting the gingival sulcus. It is edematous due to the high amount of infection taking place. There is a cascade of events going on in the tissue with the macrophages the RBC's, WBC's, and the helper cells. All this fluid then turns purulent which is pus that contains all dead tissue that needs to leave the tissue. Due to the high amount of accumulation of fluid the tissue then looks bulbous and rolled as if it is pulling away from the teeth, finally giving the tissue a glossy and shinny appearance.