Microogranisms+associated+with+periodontal+disease.

=__Microogranisms associated with periodontal disease Different categories of periodontal disease__ =

  **Cervical Plaque:**
 * Is dominated by gram-positive rods and cocci, including //Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, and Eubacterium species. //
 *  Studies on tissue-associated plaque a predominance of species such as //Streptococcus micros, P. gingivitis, P. intermedia, T. farsynthia, and F. nucleantum. //

**Gingivitis:**   **Chronic Periodontitis:**   **Aggressive Periodontitis:**  **Necrotizing Periodontal Disease:** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Refractory Periodontitis:** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Abscesses of the Periodontium:** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> //<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Periimplantitis:** //<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dental plaque-induced gingivitis (chronic) includes: gram-positive are //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">S. sanguis, S. mitis, S. intermedius, S.oralis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, P. micros //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">; gram-negative microorganisms are predominately //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and V. parvula as well as Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">and //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Campylobacter //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> species.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Pregnancy-associated gingivitis causes dramatic increase levels of //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">P. intermedia //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Puberty associated gingivitis have increase in //P. intermedia// and //P. nigrescens//
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">High levels including //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">P. gingivalis, T. forsynthia, P. intermedia, C. rectus, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. micros //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> and //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Treponema //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> and //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Eubacteriuum //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> species.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, C. rectus, F. nucleatum, B. capillus, Eubacterum brachy, Capnocytophaga <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal;">species, and spirochetes.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">High levels of //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">P. intermedia //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Fusobacterium //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> and spirochetes.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Recurrent periodontitis that does not respond to "well-executed" periodontal therapy.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Prominent periodontal pathogens are: //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">P. gingivitis, T. forsynthia, F. nucleatum, P. micros. E. corrodens, Streptoccoccus intermedius. //
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Periodontal abscess are acute lesions that can lead to rapid destruction of periodontal tissues.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Bacteria recognized as periodontal pathogens significant to periodontal abscess are the following: //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, P. micros //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, and //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">T. forsynthia. //
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Inflammatory process that affects tissues around an implant and result in loss of supporting bone.
 * //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Microorganisms related to this is A //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsynthia, P. micros, C. recctus, Fusobacterium //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">and //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Capnocytophaga //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">are often related from failing sites but cal also be detected around healthy periimplant sites. Some other sites include P //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">seudomonas aeruginosa //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">, enterobacteriaceae, //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Candida albicans, //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">and staphlococci are also frequently detected around implants. As well as high proportions of //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> S. aureus //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">and //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> S. epidermidis //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">on oral implants have been reported. //